{"id":12496,"date":"2022-01-26T08:42:28","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T06:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/?page_id=12496"},"modified":"2022-03-30T17:34:18","modified_gmt":"2022-03-30T15:34:18","slug":"module-10-learn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/it\/module-10-learn\/","title":{"rendered":"10. La struttura dei costi &#8211; imparare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffe187&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/coststructure1.jpg&#8221; min_height=&#8221;25em&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;fade&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;750ms&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3em||3em||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#e8e8e8&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;2.2em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.58)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.64)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1em|0em|1em|1em|true|false&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;600ms&#8221; animation_intensity_zoom=&#8221;72%&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|15px|15px|15px|15px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Modulo 10<\/span><br \/><strong>LA STRUTTURA DEI COSTI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#e8e8e8&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;2.2em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.59)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.8)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1em|1em|1em|1em|true|true&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;600ms&#8221; animation_intensity_zoom=&#8221;72%&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|15px|15px|15px|15px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 0.9em;\">IMPARARE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.58)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.64)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1em|2em|1em|2em|true|true&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;slide&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;right&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;750ms&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;400ms&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|15px|15px|15px|15px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Lo obiettivo del modulo \u00e8 quello di aiutare i manager nell\u2019identificazione delle due principali categorie di costi e nel calcolo dei costi complessivi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1em|0px|1em|0px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-startup-stock-photos-7374-300&#215;200.jpg&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;150px&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blurb-1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.13.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#fcc01b&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; width=&#8221;69%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;19px||||false|false&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;left&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;750ms&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;#link1&#8243; border_radii=&#8221;on|10px|10px|10px|10px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#969696&#8243; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|14px|14px|14px|14px&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_style_image=&#8221;preset1&#8243; image_max_width=&#8221;150px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; transform_styles__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_scale__hover=&#8221;107%|107%&#8221; transform_scale__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_translate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_rotate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_skew__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_origin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div style=\"height: 42px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding: 0 4px 14px 4px; font-size: 1.3em; text-align: center; margin: 0 6px;\"><strong>Imparare<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/teaching-300&#215;198.jpg&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;150px&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blurb-1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.7&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#fcc01b&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; width=&#8221;69%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;19px||||false|false&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;750ms&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjEyNDk5In19@&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|10px|10px|10px|10px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#969696&#8243; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|14px|14px|14px|14px&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_style_image=&#8221;preset1&#8243; image_max_width=&#8221;150px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; transform_styles__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_scale__hover=&#8221;107%|107%&#8221; transform_scale__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_translate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_rotate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_skew__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_origin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div style=\"height: 42px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding: 0 4px 14px 4px; font-size: 1.3em; text-align: center; margin: 0 6px;\"><strong>Insegnare<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jessica-lewis-4022332-300&#215;200.jpg&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;150px&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blurb-1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.7&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#fcc01b&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; width=&#8221;69%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;19px||||false|false&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;right&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;750ms&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjEyNTAyIn19@&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|10px|10px|10px|10px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#969696&#8243; border_radii_image=&#8221;on|14px|14px|14px|14px&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_style_image=&#8221;preset1&#8243; image_max_width=&#8221;150px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; transform_styles__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_scale__hover=&#8221;107%|107%&#8221; transform_scale__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_translate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_rotate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_skew__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_origin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div style=\"height: 42px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding: 0 4px 14px 4px; font-size: 1.3em; text-align: center; margin: 0 6px;\"><strong>Esercizi &amp; Quiz<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1em||1em||true|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;slide&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;bottom&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;700ms&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" id=\"link1\">La struttura dei costi<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;download-button&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;fade&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;1500ms&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 2.2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/PDFs-IT\/M-10-learn.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scarica<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: inline-block;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/PDFs-IT\/M-10-learn.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/pdf-icon2-1.png\" width=\"32\" height=\"33\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1537 alignnone size-full\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;27px|2em||2em|false|true&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|5px|5px|5px|5px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#c4c4c4&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|0px||0px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Introduzione<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La struttura dei costi \u00e8 uno degli indicatori pi\u00f9 importanti all&#8217;interno di un\u2019azienda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Include <b>tutti i costi e le spese <\/b>che l&#8217;azienda dovr\u00e0 sostenere nel momento in cui introdurr\u00e0 un modello di business.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Obiettivo<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;obiettivo del modulo \u00e8 quello di aiutare i manager nell&#8217;identificazione delle due principali categorie di costi e nel calcolo dei costi complessivi.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Risultati di apprendimento<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al termine del modulo il partecipante sar\u00e0 in grado di:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>distinguere i costi fissi dai costi variabili,<\/li>\n<li>fornire una definizione e degli esempi di costi variabili,<\/li>\n<li>fornire una definizione e degli esempi di costi fissi,<\/li>\n<li>calcolare i costi variabili,<\/li>\n<li>calcolare i costi fissi,<\/li>\n<li>ottimizzare i costi dell&#8217;azienda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Parole chiave<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>struttura dei costi<\/li>\n<li>costi variabili<\/li>\n<li>costi fissi<\/li>\n<li>ottimizzazione<\/li>\n<li>modello di business<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Contesto teorico<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IT\/m10-1.png\" style=\"max-width: 995px; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Categorie di struttura dei costi<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nella struttura dei costi si pu\u00f2 distinguere tra:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Le<strong> strutture dei costi guidate dal valore<\/strong> sono quelle che si concentrano sulla creazione di un maggior valore del prodotto stesso, non necessariamente producendolo al minor costo possibile. Alcuni esempi riguardano alcuni marchi di moda di lusso, di gioielli o di hotel di lusso.<\/li>\n<li>Le <strong>strutture dei costo guidate dai costi<\/strong> si concentrano sulla riduzione del costo di un prodotto o di un servizio, contenendolo il pi\u00f9 possibile. Alcuni esempi riguardano le compagnie aeree low-cost oppure i negozi di mobili ampiamente diffusi che consentono l&#8217;assemblaggio dei mobili in casa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi aziendali \u2013 Suddivisione<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-1.jpg\" width=\"706\" height=\"404\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8714 alignnone size-full\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-1.jpg 706w, https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-1-480x275.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 706px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fonte: <a href=\"https:\/\/diffzi.com\/fixed-cost-vs-variable-cost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/diffzi.com\/fixed-cost-vs-variable-cost\/<\/a><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border: none;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 65%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IT\/m10-2.png\" style=\"max-width: 648px;\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IT\/m10-3.png\" style=\"max-width: 282px;\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Insieme, rappresentano i costi totali (CT) sostenuti dall&#8217;impresa. Quindi, i costi variabili riguardano tutti i tipi di costi dell&#8217;impresa che non rientrano nei costi fissi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le informazioni sui costi variabili e sui costi fissi vengono utilizzate nel processo decisionale a breve termine e nella contabilit\u00e0 relativa ai costi variabili.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi fissi\u2013 definizione<\/h3>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border: none;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 70%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;\">\n<p><b>I costi fissi non cambiano al variare del volume di produzione. <\/b>Questo significa che ridurre la produzione non genera una variazione in termini di costi fissi.<\/p>\n<p>Rimangono invariati per un lungo periodo di tempo, ma questo non significa che il loro valore sia sempre lo stesso. I costi dipendono dalle condizioni macroeconomiche e, quindi, sono soggetti a variazioni, ma non sono dovuti dal livello di attivit\u00e0 costs.<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:CVP-TC-FC-VC.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:CVP-TC-FC-VC.svg<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CVP-TC-FC-VC.svg.png\" width=\"945\" height=\"768\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8723 alignnone size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CVP-TC-FC-VC.svg.png 945w, https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CVP-TC-FC-VC.svg-480x390.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 945px, 100vw\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi fissi\u2013 tipi<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I costi fissi possono essere suddivisi in:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>costi fissi totali<\/strong> &#8211; non sono soggetti ad alcuna variazione al variare del volume di produzione (ad esempio, le deduzioni dell&#8217;ammortamento quando le immobilizzazioni sono regolate con il metodo a quote costanti),<\/li>\n<li><strong>costi fissi incrementali<\/strong> &#8211; il loro valore non cambia soltanto nell&#8217;intervallo delle dimensioni; in seguito si ha un aumento dei costi che poi stabilizzano nuovamente (ad esempio, l&#8217;affitto di un capannone di produzione; dopo aver superato un certo valore di produzione \u00e8 necessario affittare un altro capannone).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border: none;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 70%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;\">\n<p>Alcuni\u00a0 <b>esempi<\/b> di costi fissi possono essere:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>remunerazione dell&#8217;amministrazione,<\/li>\n<li>deduzioni dell&#8217;ammortamento dei macchinari,<\/li>\n<li>assicurazione degli impianti,<\/li>\n<li>il canone per l&#8217;affitto di un edificio,<\/li>\n<li>i costi dei media.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:CVP-TC-FC-VC-Sales-Contrib-VC-PL-compat.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:CVP-TC-FC-VC-Sales-Contrib-VC-PL-compat.svg<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CVP-TC-FC-VC-Sales-Contrib-VC-PL-compat.svg.png\" width=\"945\" height=\"768\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8727 alignnone size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CVP-TC-FC-VC-Sales-Contrib-VC-PL-compat.svg.png 945w, https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CVP-TC-FC-VC-Sales-Contrib-VC-PL-compat.svg-480x390.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 945px, 100vw\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi fissi &#8211; Regola di base<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Per distinguere un costo fisso da un costo variabile non si dove considerare il periodo di tempo, ma se il costo \u00e8 influenzato dal volume di produzione.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-5.jpg\" width=\"692\" height=\"304\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8729 alignnone size-full\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-5.jpg 692w, https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-5-480x211.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 692px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi fissi \u2013 formula<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dividendo i costi fissi per il volume di produzione, si ottiene il costo fisso medio:<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 200px; text-align: justify;\">CMF = FC\/Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 200px; text-align: justify;\">CMF costi fissi medi<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 200px; text-align: justify;\">CF &#8211; costi fissi<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 200px; text-align: justify;\">Q &#8211; volume di produzione<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/poradnikprzedsiebiorcy.pl\/-koszty-stale-i-zmienne-klasyfikacja-kosztow-w-dzialalnosci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/poradnikprzedsiebiorcy.pl\/-koszty-stale-i-zmienne-klasyfikacja-kosztow-w-dzialalnosci<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi variabili \u2013 definizione<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I <b>costi variabili <\/b>sono i costi che l&#8217;imprenditore deve sostenere per le attivit\u00e0 legate direttamente al livello di produzione attuale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si ritiene che i <b>costi variabili cambino al variare del volume di produzione<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nelle definizioni dei costi variabili, la &#8220;<i>produzione<\/i>&#8221; va intesa in termini di &#8220;volume di attivit\u00e0&#8221;, quindi i costi variabili sono dei costi che cambiano in base alle dimensioni del volume di affari dell&#8217;azienda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Crescono con l&#8217;aumento del volume:<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">CT = CF + CV<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CT &#8211; costi totali, CF &#8211; costi fissi, CV &#8211; costi variabili<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi variabili<\/h3>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border: none;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 70%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I costi variabili includono, tra gli altri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gli stipendi dei lavoratori (numero dei dipendenti e ore lavorative),<\/li>\n<li>Le materie prime,<\/li>\n<li>Elettricit\u00e0,<\/li>\n<li>I costi di stoccaggio e trasporto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quando c&#8217;\u00e8 poca produzione, i costi variabili aumentano.<\/p>\n<p>Ma quando la produzione aumenta, questi costi si stabilizzano e aumentano leggermente insieme assieme alla produzione (introduzione alla specializzazione sul prodotto).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-6.jpg\" width=\"348\" height=\"313\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8739 alignnone size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-6.jpg 348w, https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-6-300x270.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border: none;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 70%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;\">\n<p>I costi variabili cambiano a seconda dei cambiamenti del volume d\u2019affari.<\/p>\n<p>I costi variabili si suddividono in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Costi decrescenti<\/b>, cio\u00e8 quelli che reagiscono in modo meno che proporzionale ai cambiamenti nel volume d\u2019affari dell&#8217;azienda;<\/li>\n<li><b>Costi che variano in proporzione alle fluttuazioni <\/b>del volume d&#8217;affari;<\/li>\n<li><b>Costi progressivi<\/b>, cio\u00e8 quelli che reagiscono in modo pi\u00f9 che proporzionale ai cambiamenti del volume d&#8217;affari.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I costi variabili sono inclusi nelle previsioni di entrata e nel calcolo del punto di pareggio (BEP) di un&#8217;azienda o di un progetto (i metodi per il calcolo dei costi verranno presentati nella <b>parte finanziaria<\/b>).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; border: none; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-7.jpg\" width=\"348\" height=\"302\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8741 alignnone size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-7.jpg 348w, https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/m10-7-300x260.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ottimizzazione dei costi &#8211; Trasformare i costi fissi in costi variabili<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In un&#8217;era di crisi finanziaria e pandemica, i cambiamenti nel comportamento dei clienti, l&#8217;aumento della concorrenza sui prezzi e la crescente difficolt\u00e0 nell\u2019 ottenere i finanziamenti per le aziende, rendono necessari il controllo e l&#8217;ottimizzazione della struttura:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si dovrebbe:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Assicurarsi di ricevere informazioni affidabili,<\/li>\n<li>individuare i problemi dell&#8217;impresa,<\/li>\n<li>analizzare gli elementi chiave del modello di business e come si possono modificare,<\/li>\n<li>definire i principali cost driver e le loro condizioni, individuare i costi che si possono ridurre,<\/li>\n<li>applicare il benchmarking e altri metodi per valutare l&#8217;analisi costi-efficacia,<\/li>\n<li>trasformare i costi fissi in costi variabili,<\/li>\n<li>semplificare il modello di business,<\/li>\n<li>implementare degli strumenti di budgeting e di monitoraggio<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Esempi e buone pratiche<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costi fissi\u2013 esempio<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;imprenditore ABC vuole produrre delle tazze, e ha un costo fisso di \u20ac 10.000 al mese. <span>Se l\u2019azienda non dovesse riuscire a produrle, dovrebbe<\/span> pagare \u20ac 10.000 per noleggiare un macchinario. Se producesse un milione di tazze, il suo costo fisso rimarrebbe sempre lo stesso. I costi variabili possono aumentare fino a \u20ac 2 milioni.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Risposta<\/em>: Maggiori saranno i costi fissi dell&#8217;azienda, maggiori profitti dovr\u00e0 generare per raggiungere il punto di pareggio, quindi dovr\u00e0 lavorare per produrre e per promuovere i propri prodotti: ci sono sempre costi e imprevisti.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bibliografia e link esterni<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fixed and variable costs &#8211; classification of operating costs (PL: Koszty sta\u0142e i zmienne \u2013 klasyfikacja koszt\u00f3w w dzia\u0142alno\u015bci)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/poradnikprzedsiebiorcy.pl\/-koszty-stale-i-zmienne-klasyfikacja-kosztow-w-dzialalnosci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/poradnikprzedsiebiorcy.pl\/-koszty-stale-i-zmienne-klasyfikacja-kosztow-w-dzialalnosci<\/a><br \/>[consultato 31.08.2020]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Samuelson A.A., Nordhaus W.D., Ekonomia 2, PWN, Warszawa, 2007<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sloman J., Podstawy ekonomii, PWE, Warszawa, 2001<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Czubakowska K. (2015). Rachunek koszt\u00f3w i wynik\u00f3w, Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nowak E. (2011). Rachunek koszt\u00f3w w jednostkach gospodarczych, Podej\u015bcie sprawozdawcze i zarz\u0105dcze, Ekspert, Wroc\u0142aw<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; height=&#8221;0px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; height=&#8221;0px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; height=&#8221;0px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1em||1em||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjEyNDg1In19@&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Modulo 9 &#8211; I partner chiave&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; module_class=&#8221;button-stanga&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.13.0&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;button_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#x41;||divi||400&#8243; animation_style=&#8221;slide&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;left&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;550ms&#8221; animation_intensity_slide=&#8221;31%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjEyNTA1In19@&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Modulo 11 &#8211; Valori professionali e di cittadinanza&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;right&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.13.0&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;button_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#x41;||divi||400&#8243; animation_style=&#8221;slide&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;right&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;550ms&#8221; animation_intensity_slide=&#8221;31%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#848484&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.51)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.83)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px||0px|||&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;fade&#8221; animation_duration=&#8221;600ms&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/erasmus.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;20em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#e09900&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-15px|||||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>ERASMUS+ KA2 Strategic Partnerships for adult education Poland<\/strong><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 0.85em;\">Il progetto &#8220;Capire e sviluppare modelli di business nell&#8217;era globale&#8221; (No.2019-1-PL01-KA204-064951) \u00e8 finanziato con il supporto della Commissione Europea. Il supporto della Commissione Europea a questa pubblicazione non implica il sostegno ai contenuti riportati, i quali riflettono esclusivamente il punto di vista degli autori. La Commissione non pu\u00f2 essere ritenuta responsabile dell\u2019uso fatto delle informazioni in essa contenute.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat|600|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; min_height=&#8221;7px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1em||0px|1px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">PROGETTO E CREDITI<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_menu menu_id=&#8221;28&#8243; submenu_direction=&#8221;upwards&#8221; active_link_color=&#8221;#e0b047&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;ABOUT&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; menu_font=&#8221;Montserrat|600|||||||&#8221; menu_text_color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(0,0,0,0)&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-0.5em||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_menu][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;1.02em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Copyright @2021 &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/businessmodels.eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"businessmodels.eu\">businessmodels.eu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modulo 10LA STRUTTURA DEI COSTIIMPARARELo obiettivo del modulo \u00e8 quello di aiutare i manager nell\u2019identificazione delle due principali categorie di costi e nel calcolo dei costi complessivi.ImparareInsegnareEsercizi &amp; QuizLa struttura dei costiScarica Introduzione La struttura dei costi \u00e8 uno degli indicatori pi\u00f9 importanti all&#8217;interno di un\u2019azienda. Include tutti i costi e le spese che l&#8217;azienda [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"folder":[132],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12496"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12496"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16672,"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12496\/revisions\/16672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probm2.cti.ugal.ro\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=12496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}